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Marriage in #AncientEgypt
In ancient Egypt, it is believed that “most marriages were arranged, with an eye to social and financial advantages” (Watterson, 15).
Most Egyptian men had one wife, although men of higher status could take on other wives or concubines “with the agreement of the spouse” (Watterson, 16).
Marriage was considered a legal contract, drawn up by the “prospective husband and the bride’s father” (Watterson, 15), but often the bride was the “contracting partner (Watterson, 16) and represented her own interests.
Women were allowed to initiate divorce and “often came out of the marriage with more security than many modern women” (Watterson, 16).
If a man initiated the divorce, he “had to return her dowry, give her the marriage gift […] and pay her compensation” (Watterson, 16). If the woman initiated the divorce, she “was given back her dowry and usually a share of any property” (Watterson, 16) acquired after the marriage.
Both “parties were free to remarry” (Watterson, 16) after the divorce.
#WomensRights #Autonomy
#LegalStatus #Histodon #AncientHistory
![Text:
Marriage in Ancient Egypt (cont'd)
Women were allowed to initiate divorce and “often came out of the marriage with more security than many modern women” (Watterson, 16).
If a man initiated the divorce, he “had to return her dowry, give her the marriage gift […] and pay her compensation” (Watterson, 16). If the woman initiated the divorce, she “was given back her dowry and usually a share of any property” (Watterson, 16) acquired after the marriage.
Both “parties were free to remarry” (Watterson, 16) after the divorce.](https://friendica-leipzig.de/photo/preview/600/668548 "Text:
Marriage in Ancient Egypt (cont'd)
Women were allowed to initiate divorce and “often came out of the marriage with more security than many modern women” (Watterson, 16).
If a man initiated the divorce, he “had to return her dowry, give her the marriage gift […] and pay her compensation” (Watterson, 16). If the woman initiated the divorce, she “was given back her dowry and usually a share of any property” (Watterson, 16) acquired after the marriage.
Both “parties were free to remarry” (Watterson, 16) after the divorce.")
In ancient Egypt, it is believed that “most marriages were arranged, with an eye to social and financial advantages” (Watterson, 15).
Most Egyptian men had one wife, although men of higher status could take on other wives or concubines “with the agreement of the spouse” (Watterson, 16).
Marriage was considered a legal contract, drawn up by the “prospective husband and the bride’s father” (Watterson, 15), but often the bride was the “contracting partner (Watterson, 16) and represented her own interests.
Women were allowed to initiate divorce and “often came out of the marriage with more security than many modern women” (Watterson, 16).
If a man initiated the divorce, he “had to return her dowry, give her the marriage gift […] and pay her compensation” (Watterson, 16). If the woman initiated the divorce, she “was given back her dowry and usually a share of any property” (Watterson, 16) acquired after the marriage.
Both “parties were free to remarry” (Watterson, 16) after the divorce.
#WomensRights #Autonomy
#LegalStatus #Histodon #AncientHistory
![Text:
Marriage in Ancient Egypt (cont'd)
Women were allowed to initiate divorce and “often came out of the marriage with more security than many modern women” (Watterson, 16).
If a man initiated the divorce, he “had to return her dowry, give her the marriage gift […] and pay her compensation” (Watterson, 16). If the woman initiated the divorce, she “was given back her dowry and usually a share of any property” (Watterson, 16) acquired after the marriage.
Both “parties were free to remarry” (Watterson, 16) after the divorce.](https://kolektiva.social/system/media_attachments/files/111/819/143/006/348/444/original/b7216c34a100fcf7.jpg "Text:
Marriage in Ancient Egypt (cont'd)
Women were allowed to initiate divorce and “often came out of the marriage with more security than many modern women” (Watterson, 16).
If a man initiated the divorce, he “had to return her dowry, give her the marriage gift […] and pay her compensation” (Watterson, 16). If the woman initiated the divorce, she “was given back her dowry and usually a share of any property” (Watterson, 16) acquired after the marriage.
Both “parties were free to remarry” (Watterson, 16) after the divorce.")
[Thread] So, the following is from a presentation I gave at a Women and Gender Studies class I took in 2017 (as a Classics Major). I thought it was important to post here -- especially in this day and age where women's reproductive rights are being threatened. In some ways, we've taken a step backward as time has gone on...
#ReproductiveRights #WomensRights #AncientEgypt #AncientGreece #AncientRome #Abortion #BirthControl #Autonomy #Professions #Education #LegalStatus #Histodon #AncientHistory
#ReproductiveRights #WomensRights #AncientEgypt #AncientGreece #AncientRome #Abortion #BirthControl #Autonomy #Professions #Education #LegalStatus #Histodon #AncientHistory
Between Two Worlds: Gender Non-Conforming Deities
March 27, 2019 by Brianne Raven Wolf
"As a transwoman, I have often wondered if there were others like me in Ancient Mythology. Were there ancient deities who were trans, non-binary, or gender non-conforming? Turns out there were. Ancient Greece had a prominent culture of gender fluidity, as did many other ancient societies.
"#Aphroditus was sometimes referred to as the male form of Aphrodite. Statues of him showed him with a female figure, breasts, narrow waist, long hair, women’s clothing, but also with a penis and testes. He is said to have originated on the island of Cyprus, and arrived in Athens in the 4th century BCE. He was sometimes celebrated there in #transvestite rites. It is said the festivals allowed 'women to act the part of men, and men to put on woman’s clothing and play the part of women' (from Wikipedia). He was definitely gender #NonConforming.
"Hermaphroditus was the son of Hermes, messenger of the gods, and Aphrodite, Goddess of love. His name is a combination of both of his parents. From Wikipedia: 'According to Ovid, he was born a remarkably handsome boy with whom the water nymph Salmacis fell in love with and prayed to be united forever. The gods granted the request, so that he and the nymph became united in such a manner that the two could not be called a man or a woman, but were both' (Metamorphoses IV, pp. 274-388 , 8 AD). Hermaphroditus is the god of hermaphrodites and effeminates. I believe in today’s society, Hermaphroditus would be a modern day pre-operative transwoman.
"#Loki, a Norse god, also called the trickster god, would many times disguise himself as a woman. Some myths said that Loki was bisexual. Loki was an accomplished shape-shifter and according to legend has also appeared as a salmon, a mare, a fly, and of course a woman.
"Ovid’s Metamorphoses (Met. 9, pp. 666-797) mentions #Iphis and #Ianthe. Iphis was born a girl, but her mother passed her off as a boy so that she wouldn’t be killed. The name was fitting for a boy and a girl, so that wasn’t too much of a problem. According to the myth, Iphis as a 15 year old boy, fell in love with another girl, Ianthe. Iphis’s mother appealed to the Goddess Isis for help. Isis transformed Iphis into a male before Iphis and Ianthe got married. I believe this may have been the first sex change. At least they ended up happily ever after according to the myth.
"#Ikapati was a #GreatMother Goddess of the Tagalog society in the #Philippines. She was a protector of crops, animals that were domesticated and, according to myth, gave mankind agriculture. It was said that she appeared many times dressed in male clothes. This would have made sense as she was frequently seen in the fields. In many indigenous cultures, including in the Americas, it was accepted that more than two genders were socially and spiritually accepted. These gender non-conforming individuals were seen as people who were very spiritual, and many became leaders and healers in their societies. In Native American culture, many who were called #TwoSpirit became shamans.
"#Ometeotl was an Aztec God of duality. He was considered both male and female, using the names Ometecuhtli and Omecihuatl. He had an equivalent god in Mayan mythology, #Itzamna, who identified with #HunabKu, an invisible god. Both gods could be considered self-created gods according to myth. Ometeotl was to the Aztecs the idea that their Universe consisted of dark and light, night and day, order and war, and things like that.
"I’m of the opinion that if more people would understand that there are more than binary people in this world, it would be a better and safer place for all. I think the ancients got it right in their beliefs. People were just human beings, and not judged only on their biological sex. A good book to consider reading is this excellent book by Gerald N. Callahan, PhD., Between XX and XY: Intersexuality and the Myth of Two Sexes. From the book: 'On October 10, 1970, the day she was born, she was named Dorothy Maree Alaniz–a baby girl. Curiously, though, no one filled out a birth certificate that day. When the certificate was finally filed on November 5, the name on it was Rudolph Andrew Alaniz. Within less than one month after her birth, this girl became a boy.' The book is available from Amazon and other book sources."
https://www.patheos.com/blogs/agora/2019/03/between-two-worlds-gender-non-conforming-deities/
#WorldHistory #Histodon #WeExist #Fascism #GenderFascists #GenderFluid #TwoSpirit #NonBinary #TransRightsAreHumanRights #TransPeople #AncientHistory #TransAndNonBinaryRightsAreHumanRights
March 27, 2019 by Brianne Raven Wolf
"As a transwoman, I have often wondered if there were others like me in Ancient Mythology. Were there ancient deities who were trans, non-binary, or gender non-conforming? Turns out there were. Ancient Greece had a prominent culture of gender fluidity, as did many other ancient societies.
"#Aphroditus was sometimes referred to as the male form of Aphrodite. Statues of him showed him with a female figure, breasts, narrow waist, long hair, women’s clothing, but also with a penis and testes. He is said to have originated on the island of Cyprus, and arrived in Athens in the 4th century BCE. He was sometimes celebrated there in #transvestite rites. It is said the festivals allowed 'women to act the part of men, and men to put on woman’s clothing and play the part of women' (from Wikipedia). He was definitely gender #NonConforming.
"Hermaphroditus was the son of Hermes, messenger of the gods, and Aphrodite, Goddess of love. His name is a combination of both of his parents. From Wikipedia: 'According to Ovid, he was born a remarkably handsome boy with whom the water nymph Salmacis fell in love with and prayed to be united forever. The gods granted the request, so that he and the nymph became united in such a manner that the two could not be called a man or a woman, but were both' (Metamorphoses IV, pp. 274-388 , 8 AD). Hermaphroditus is the god of hermaphrodites and effeminates. I believe in today’s society, Hermaphroditus would be a modern day pre-operative transwoman.
"#Loki, a Norse god, also called the trickster god, would many times disguise himself as a woman. Some myths said that Loki was bisexual. Loki was an accomplished shape-shifter and according to legend has also appeared as a salmon, a mare, a fly, and of course a woman.
"Ovid’s Metamorphoses (Met. 9, pp. 666-797) mentions #Iphis and #Ianthe. Iphis was born a girl, but her mother passed her off as a boy so that she wouldn’t be killed. The name was fitting for a boy and a girl, so that wasn’t too much of a problem. According to the myth, Iphis as a 15 year old boy, fell in love with another girl, Ianthe. Iphis’s mother appealed to the Goddess Isis for help. Isis transformed Iphis into a male before Iphis and Ianthe got married. I believe this may have been the first sex change. At least they ended up happily ever after according to the myth.
"#Ikapati was a #GreatMother Goddess of the Tagalog society in the #Philippines. She was a protector of crops, animals that were domesticated and, according to myth, gave mankind agriculture. It was said that she appeared many times dressed in male clothes. This would have made sense as she was frequently seen in the fields. In many indigenous cultures, including in the Americas, it was accepted that more than two genders were socially and spiritually accepted. These gender non-conforming individuals were seen as people who were very spiritual, and many became leaders and healers in their societies. In Native American culture, many who were called #TwoSpirit became shamans.
"#Ometeotl was an Aztec God of duality. He was considered both male and female, using the names Ometecuhtli and Omecihuatl. He had an equivalent god in Mayan mythology, #Itzamna, who identified with #HunabKu, an invisible god. Both gods could be considered self-created gods according to myth. Ometeotl was to the Aztecs the idea that their Universe consisted of dark and light, night and day, order and war, and things like that.
"I’m of the opinion that if more people would understand that there are more than binary people in this world, it would be a better and safer place for all. I think the ancients got it right in their beliefs. People were just human beings, and not judged only on their biological sex. A good book to consider reading is this excellent book by Gerald N. Callahan, PhD., Between XX and XY: Intersexuality and the Myth of Two Sexes. From the book: 'On October 10, 1970, the day she was born, she was named Dorothy Maree Alaniz–a baby girl. Curiously, though, no one filled out a birth certificate that day. When the certificate was finally filed on November 5, the name on it was Rudolph Andrew Alaniz. Within less than one month after her birth, this girl became a boy.' The book is available from Amazon and other book sources."
https://www.patheos.com/blogs/agora/2019/03/between-two-worlds-gender-non-conforming-deities/
#WorldHistory #Histodon #WeExist #Fascism #GenderFascists #GenderFluid #TwoSpirit #NonBinary #TransRightsAreHumanRights #TransPeople #AncientHistory #TransAndNonBinaryRightsAreHumanRights
Between Two Worlds: Gender Non-Conforming Deities
I'm of the opinion that if more people would understand that there are more than binary people in this world, it would be a better and safer place for all. I think the ancients got it right in their beliefs.Brianne Raven Wolf (Patheos)
LGBTQ+ in the Ancient World
by Joshua J. Mark
published on 25 June 2021
"What is today referred to as '#NonBinary' gender was recognized over three thousand years ago as a #ThirdGender created by the #DivineWill."
Read more:
https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1790/lgbtq-in-the-ancient-world/
#WorldHistory #Histodon #WeExist #Fascism #GenderFascists #GenderFluid #TwoSpirit #NonBinary #TransRightsAreHumanRights #TransPeople
by Joshua J. Mark
published on 25 June 2021
"What is today referred to as '#NonBinary' gender was recognized over three thousand years ago as a #ThirdGender created by the #DivineWill."
Read more:
https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1790/lgbtq-in-the-ancient-world/
#WorldHistory #Histodon #WeExist #Fascism #GenderFascists #GenderFluid #TwoSpirit #NonBinary #TransRightsAreHumanRights #TransPeople
LGBTQ+ in the Ancient World
In the cultures of the ancient world, there was no need for designations such as LGBTQ+ because there was no difference noted between what is now defined as "homosexual" and "heterosexual" relationships...Joshua J. Mark (https://www.worldhistory.org#organization)
"The #KentStateMassacre, which occurred on May 4, 1970, involved the Ohio #NationalGuard shooting unarmed #CollegeStudents during a #protest against the Vietnam War at Kent State University, resulting in four deaths and nine injuries. This tragic event sparked widespread outrage and led to the largest student strike in U.S. history."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kent_State_shootings
#USHistory #Histodon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kent_State_shootings
#USHistory #Histodon
Der Eigensinn der #Archiv-indizes:
alle Meier unter Me, auch die mit "a".
HHStA., Kab. Kanzlei, Index #1917.
#histodon #histodons #histodonsDE
#history #Geschichte
#Habsburgermonarchie
alle Meier unter Me, auch die mit "a".
HHStA., Kab. Kanzlei, Index #1917.
#histodon #histodons #histodonsDE
#history #Geschichte
#Habsburgermonarchie
Read #VanessaWilliamson: `Since the end of the Confederacy, the cult of the “taxpayer” has provided a socially acceptable veneer for racist attacks on #democracy.` https://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/the-austerity-politics-of-white-supremacy
⸺
#bipartisan #raceMaking #whiteSupremacy #whiteness #SouthCarolina #Reconstruction #histoDon #agnotology #publicOpinion #history #taxes #politics #USPol #deficit #taxpayers #Redeemers #racism #Trumpism #GOP #suffrage
⸺
#bipartisan #raceMaking #whiteSupremacy #whiteness #SouthCarolina #Reconstruction #histoDon #agnotology #publicOpinion #history #taxes #politics #USPol #deficit #taxpayers #Redeemers #racism #Trumpism #GOP #suffrage
The Austerity Politics of White Supremacy - Dissent Magazine
Since the end of the Confederacy, the cult of the “taxpayer” has provided a socially acceptable veneer for racist attacks on democracy.Dissent Magazine
Poor dad
The Times. No. 40576. July 15, 1914. page 1, col B.
"The father of a young lady, aged 15 – a typical 'FLAPPER' – with all the self assurance of a woman of 30 would be grateful for the recommendation of a seminary (not a convent) where she might be placed for a year or two with the object of taming her. It is not EDUCATION she requires, she has too much of that already..."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flapper#cite_note-20
#religion #parenthood #teen #history #histodon
The Times. No. 40576. July 15, 1914. page 1, col B.
"The father of a young lady, aged 15 – a typical 'FLAPPER' – with all the self assurance of a woman of 30 would be grateful for the recommendation of a seminary (not a convent) where she might be placed for a year or two with the object of taming her. It is not EDUCATION she requires, she has too much of that already..."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flapper#cite_note-20
#religion #parenthood #teen #history #histodon
At the bottom of these images is an adult crib. Consumption (tuberculosis) was a common illness in the 18th and 19th centuries, resulting in 25% of all deaths. There was no treatment. It could take months for patients to die or recover (50%), during which time they remained an active part of the social life of the family in such cribs. This also gave them the opportunity to transmit the disease.
#historical #NewEngland #Massachusetts #19thcentury #18thcentury #histodon #vaccinessavelives
#historical #NewEngland #Massachusetts #19thcentury #18thcentury #histodon #vaccinessavelives
Victorian medicine chest, which contains medications for pain relief, such as opium. It also includes a set of scales, weights, a pill tile, and a spatula. It was probably used in the home or by an apothecary.
Photo: Wellcome Collection, London.
#histodons #histodon #history #histmed #medhist #medical #museum #museums #Twitter #twittermigration #twitterstorians
Photo: Wellcome Collection, London.
#histodons #histodon #history #histmed #medhist #medical #museum #museums #Twitter #twittermigration #twitterstorians
During WWI, Marie Curie created a vehicle that contained a hospital bed, a generator, an X-ray machine and photographic darkroom equipment. These “petite Curies" (below) could be driven right up to the Front. Curie also helped train 150 women as radiology technicians.
#histmed #histsci #WWI #warhistory #war #medhist #science #womeninstem #womenshistory #histodon #histodons #twittermigration #twitterexodus
#histmed #histsci #WWI #warhistory #war #medhist #science #womeninstem #womenshistory #histodon #histodons #twittermigration #twitterexodus
