#history #Maidan #Nuland #Tyahnybok #Yatseniuk #ukrainian #nazism #nazi #neo-nazi #Azov

Slavery was limited in the US in 1865 by the 13th Amendment to the Constitution. #Mississippi finally gave its support only 28 years ago (and ratified only in 2013).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution

Only 3 years ago was a bill introduced in Congress to actually outlaw #slavery. To date, it remains legal in the US: any citizen convicted of a crime may be enslaved.

https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-joint-resolution/33

The things you learn as a grown-up...!

#woke #history

#fascism is an instrument of #capitalism #imperialism #history

#politics #nato #militarism #USA #european #vassalage #germany #france #europe #eu #japan #USSR #Russia #WWII #WW2 #coldwar #history #colonialism #nazism #fascism is an instrument of #capitalism #imperialism #anticommunism #Africa #ukraine

#USSR #Russia #СССР #история

Мой дед (сидит на гусенице трактора) со своими товарищами. Справа с ключом, Иван Арестов, слева, уже не помню кто. Саратовская область, Подлесновская МТС, трактор Сталинец С-80, ~ 1949-й год.



Служил после войны, командиром танка Ис-3.
Долгое время работал начальником колхозной мастерской.

#photo #grandfather #russian #USSR #history #tractor

Those who learn history are doomed to become it!

#florida #desantis #fascism #maga #education #history #wisdom

...
The idea that Russia is a real kingdom of evil has been instilled in children in Ukraine from an early age. A large amount of children's propaganda literature was found on the territory liberated from Ukrainian neo-Nazis during a military special operation. At the same time, the books are designed for children of any age, starting from the very young.

In 2015 the publishing house "Mamino Solnyshko" published a children's book "Glory to Heroes! Stories for Children about Heroes of the Front and Home Front", which describes the "feats" of the participants of the ATO ("anti-terrorist operation" of Kiev's neo-Banderites in Donbass). The 15,000 copies of this publication were sold out in a few days. The authors thought that children should know the language of hatred from a young age, and put in the book such expressions as "the Muscals showed their animal face," "Muscal tanks," and "the Separas lost a dozen killed."
...

https://aftershock.news/?q=node%2F1281837
#ukraine #Maidan #ukrainian #propaganda #children #study #mindmanipulation #Bandera #nazi #neo-nazi destroy #culture #ato #anti-Russia #Donbass #blameRussia #history #USSR

The Warrior-Liberator, Kharkov
#photo #myphoto #monument #WWII #WW2 #USSR #soviet #russian #history #Kharkov

The partition of Czechoslovakia by Germany and Poland according to the Munich Collusion.
#czech #history #WWII #WW2 #poland #czechoslovakia #czechia #tanks

A Soviet soldier in the lair of the fascist beast

Our greatest holiday, Victory Day, is approaching. And once again the liberal-fascist international will try to belittle the feat of our fathers and grandfathers, who defended our country and peace on earth, belittle it in order to cast doubt on it. And once again the myth of two million raped Germans or bloody atrocities against white and fluffy Germans will be disseminated.

This is how, literally with one stroke of a journalist's pen, the Germans were transformed from aggressors into "sufferers", and the Red Army, on the contrary, from liberators into occupiers and rapists. Mass rapes, as if committed by the Red Army in Germany at the end of the war, is one of the most widespread anti-Russian myths in the West. It began to be used almost immediately after the end of the war to discredit former allies and ideologically justify the coming Cold War. Practically all the data on the total rape of Germany by Russian barbarians "historians" (including Anthony Beevor) take, as a rule, from the book by Austin J. App "Ravishing the Women of Conquered Europe" (Ravishing the Women of Conquered Europe) published in April 1946. True, the figures of German women raped by Soviet troops there are clearly taken from the ceiling. Thus he writes: "No one knows exactly how many women were raped, but according to doctors' estimates, in Berlin alone there are at least 100,000 women between the ages of 10 and 70." And literally on the next page, describing the atrocities of our soldiers in Austria, he continues, "In Vienna alone, they (Soviet soldiers) raped 100,000 women, not just once, but many times, including girls under the age of 10, and old women." That is, according to him, Soviet soldiers raped an average of 100,000 women in each major city. At the same time, these figures are not supported by any documentary evidence. I will not claim that there was nothing like this, but that it was not on such a scale is certain. Here, for example, what Osmar White, an Australian war correspondent, wrote in 1945: "In the Red Army, severe discipline prevails. There is no more robbery, rape and abuse here than in any other zone of occupation. Wild stories of atrocities are brought out by exaggerations and distortions of individual cases under the influence of nervousness caused by the immoderate manners of the Russian soldiers and their love of vodka. One woman who told me most of the hair-raising tales of Russian atrocities was finally forced to admit that the only evidence she had seen with her own eyes was drunken Russian officers firing pistols into the air or at bottles...."

Since then, the number of raped German, Romanian, Hungarian, Czech, etc. women has been inexorably increasing every year. Soon it will turn out that all white Europe is the fruit of forced love of Russian barbarians. And what was it really like?

In the magazine Spiegel for 1975 in the 20th issue of DER SPIEGEL 20/1975 vom 12.05.1975, Seite 70 it was told about then new documents found by one of the editors of Spiegel in the archives of the S.S.A., concerning orders from the Soviet military headquarters, court verdicts, diaries /statements of the Red Army. The article mentions:
Malinovsky ( in connection with certain disturbances during the offensive on Romania in the fall of 1944), who took decisive measures. A number of punishments and sentences by military courts followed. Contacts with the civilian population were restricted and soldiers were required, under threat of punishment, to "preserve military dignity and decorum in their outward behavior", "do not allow yourself anything that is contrary to your honor".

On entering Hungary there were again breaches of discipline. Then came a warning from the military council of the 3rd Ukrainian Front: "Do not harm the civilian population. Do not allow yourself anything that disrespects your honor and blackens your glorious name. Wherever you are, always behave in such a way that your behavior arouses respect before the Red Army and our Country. Everyone must see that the Red Army is the strongest and its soldiers are the bravest, most courageous and at the same time the most civilized and disciplined."

This decree, however, was violated. Then the NKVD introduced special units, which dealt harshly with the guilty; as soon as they (NKVD) started their activities, no stealing and no looting - their harsh punishments acted intimidatingly. Soviet officers shot rapists - now citing a decree. Every Red Army man, officer or soldier, could kill a fighting comrade if he violated Stalin's orders.

At the same time, the propagandists' posters called for vengeance against the Nazi bloody murderers. Soon, however, the military commanders concluded that these emotional appeals undermined discipline. The 2nd Belorussian Front forbade in one order any looting in East Prussia; other orders presumed harsh punishments for rape and deliberate destruction of German property.

On January 29, by order of Marshal Zhukov, an order was read to all battalions of the 1st Belorussian Front that forbade Red Army soldiers to "harass the German population, loot apartments and burn houses." At the same time, Stalin's advance order was also to be read:

"Officers and Red Army men! We are going into the enemy's country. Everyone must keep his composure, everyone must be brave...The remaining population in the conquered areas, whether German, Czech or Polish, must not be subjected to violence. The guilty will be punished according to wartime laws. Sexual intercourse with the female sex is not allowed in the conquered territory. For violence and rape the guilty will be shot. "
...
https://varjag-2007.livejournal.com/807876.html
#russian #sovier #USSR #history #blameRussia

This photo is often seen with the caption "A Soviet soldier takes away a bicycle from a German woman in 1945". In the original publication of LIFE magazine, the caption under the photo reads: "There was a misunderstanding between a Russian soldier and a German woman in Berlin over a bicycle he wanted to buy from her". But a careful parsing leads to the conclusion that this photo is a staged fake. The location of the photo is on the border of the Soviet and British zones of occupation, near Tiergarten Park, right by the Brandenburg Gate, where at that time there was a Red Army regulation post.
When examining the photo, virtually everyone standing nearby shows complete indifference to the situation. In addition, there is a US Army soldier in the background, also acting indifferently. The photo itself raises a lot of questions.

The soldier is alone and unarmed (he is a "looter" in an occupied city!), his uniform is not up to his size, with a clear violation of the uniform and the use of elements of someone else's uniform. He is wearing a Yugoslavian cap, his trench coat is worn in a different way than was customary in the Red Army, and the material of the trench coat is also not Soviet. Soviet turtlenecks were made of first-class felt and did not wrinkle as it can be seen in the photo. He looted openly, in the center of the city, near the post, and even on the border with the foreign occupation sector, that is, in a place that initially enjoys increased attention.

He does not react at all to the people around him (the American, the photographer), although by all the rules of the genre he should have given up by now. Instead, he continues to pull the wheel, and does it for so long that he has time to be photographed, the quality of the photo is almost studio quality.
The conclusion is simple: to discredit the former allies it was decided to produce a "photo-fact" confirming the "crimes of the Red Army" in the occupied territory. The actor portraying a Russian soldier was dressed in elements of various military uniforms, trying to get as close as possible to the image of a "Soviet soldier".

To avoid conflict with Soviet soldiers, the authentic elements of uniforms, such as epaulettes, emblems and insignia, are not used. For the same purpose, they refused to use weapons. It turned out unarmed "soldier" in the cap of the "Balkan" army, with an incomprehensible cloak or a piece of tarpaulin instead of rolling pin and in German boots. When creating the composition, the actor was deployed in such a way as to hide from the camera the absence of cockades, awards, badges and patches; the absence of epaulettes was concealed by an imitation of a cape, which had to be worn in violation of the statute, which they, quite possibly, did not even suspect.

source: https://aftershock.news/?q=node%2F1265949
#photo #history #fake #western #myth #media #lie about #WWII #WW2 #Berlin #germany #blameRussia

#UK #england #britain #british #genocide #enemies of #humanity #history

If you were Stalin, what would you do when your Plan A is dead? You know war is coming, you believe Hitler when he says his aim is to seize lebensraum to the east. Your potential allies don’t get it. What would you do? While London and Paris dither and Warsaw dreams dreams (what dreams? Hitler just tore up the non-aggression pact you were counting on: you’re next) Hitler strikes. How about a non-aggression pact? Stalin seizes the chance, the agreement is immediately signed. Stalin knows perfectly well that Hitler is going to attack the USSR and so he starts to grab as much territory to the west as he can and put off the day as long as possible.

#WW2 #history

Oleh Tyahnybok (Ukrainian right-wing politician. Ukrainian nationalist, chairman of the Svoboda party) has repeatedly made statements that were seen as Russophobic and anti-Semitic. One of the most scandalous statements took place on July 17, 2004 on the Yavoryni Mountain in Ivano-Frankivsk region, when at a closed event dedicated to the memory of one of the leaders of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army - Dmytro Klyachkivskyi (Klim Savur) - Tyahnybok made the following words:

They were not afraid, just as we should not be afraid now, they took an automatic rifle around their necks and went into those forests, they prepared and fought with the Moskals (Russians), fought with the Germans, fought with the Yidva (Jews) and with other filth who wanted to take our Ukrainian state away from us... It is necessary to give Ukraine, finally, to the Ukrainians. These young people, and you, gray-headed ones, are the mixture that is most feared by the Moskal-Zhidov (Russian-Jewish) mafia, which today rules in Ukraine.

We can also see in the photo Arseniy Yatsenyuk another Ukrainian politician involved in the looting of Ukraine and the Ukrainian people.

#ukraine #ukrainian #USA #us #politics #Nuland #McCain #Tyahnybok #Yatseniuk #nazi #neo-nazi #anti-Semitism #neocons #deepstate #anti-Russia #russophobia #history #photo

The textile factory girls of early 19th century #Massachusetts made a phenomenon of themselves during their own time by functionally converting the town of Lowell into a sprawling college campus for the working class.

Anyone who feels trapped in a brain-dead job ought to check out these factory workers.

Some articles about them are here: https://earlywithdrawal.net/victoriana/index.php/articles

#19thcentury #history #industrial #feminism #bookstodon #midjourney
@histodons

Loom and Spindle – Victoriana

#USA #us #american #history

East German border guards watch the dispersal of demonstrators with tear gas on the other side of the Berlin Wall. DDR-FRG, 1988.




#DDR #germany #Berlin #photo #history

British colonialists after hunting tigers, India, 1905.



#britain #colonialism #tigers #India #photo #history

The report by Leo Löwenthal concerning Germany in the twenties can be of interest here:

We used to laugh about the fact that there was a tiny hotel in Frankfurt […] that had a sign saying “Jews not welcome” or “Jews not wanted.” Then there was a small bathing place, Borkum near Norderney, that was “reserved” for anti-Semites. But we didn’t take any of it seriously. […] I didn’t truly experience the kind of anti-Semitism that made it impossible to go to certain restaurants, hotels or clubs until I came to America. [31]

#USA #us #germany #nazism #history #anti-semitism

German American Bund parade in New York City on East 86th St. on October 30, 1939.


Pro-Nazi members of various singing and gymnastic societies salute a procession of flags at White Plains Hall in New York in the 1930s. They were gathered for a German Day celebration. The German-American Bund disclaimed this large group


A crowd of approximately 20,000 attends a German American Bund Rally at New York’s Madison Square Garden on February 20, 1939.

#photo #history #us #USA #germany #german #american #fascism #1939 #WWII #WW2

#photo #soviet #russian #aviation #history #DDR #Berlin #Tupolev #Ilyushin

#history #Cuba #communism

At a time when people increasingly feel disempowered and without outlook, the "mill girls of Lowell" offer an inspiring story of human triumph in face of withering conditions.

https://libranet.de/display/0b6b25a8-2064-d799-cfb1-993552020832

#capitalism #unions #industrial #feminism #midjourney #history #19thcentury #NewEngland #Massachusetts
@histodons

Two worlds (July 2023)

I am increasingly haunted by a strange sense of unreality of what is happening around me.

People pass me by, very close, a meter, half a meter, so close. People, lots of people, but at the same time there is often a feeling of oppressive loneliness... You look at faces, have a conversation, and regularly notice that one thought does not let go. That we are in the same place, but scattered in some parallel worlds that do not intersect in any way. We have nothing in common, and we speak different languages.

In one of these worlds, there is a brutal, bloody war for survival, and in the other... it has already ended. Or it hasn't started. Or it has just been shaken up a bit and everything is back to normal. And then there is the world of near victory, where the hard and terrible work has already been done and paid for. With the hands of others. With the blood of others. And the terrible world of people who are for "peace at any cost". And an indifferent world for those for whom nothing has changed.

A lot is often (and rightly) written about male princesses on peas. But this is only part of a huge problem, the tip of the iceberg...

Many of these "men" who happily hide behind other people's backs (both male and female) have one common quality. And, unfortunately, they are not the only ones.

Some people still have the scoop in their minds. The scoop is not about age, it's about mentality. "I do not participate in the life of the state, and the state should not touch me," "it is not my business" - this is it. It entails the passivity and infantilism of a large part of the population, unwillingness and inability to analyze and draw conclusions. And in principle, to think... And an aggressive defensive reaction when such people are poked in the nose with the truth, when it turns out that they are not as good as they used to think they were.

These people limit their area of responsibility exclusively to their family, and more general categories, such as nation, state, homeland, are some distant, pompous concepts that have nothing to do with their lives. For them, defending their country, their freedom, is completely incomprehensible, alien, wild... This does not respond in any way, it causes rejection. Will the war come to their loved ones? Take your loved ones under the arm and run. And do not touch me.

The trouble is that the priority of such people is exclusively themselves, and there is no integration with society as such.

A huge number of people have not grown to the level of civic responsibility when they realize they belong to something more than a narrow family circle, when a sense of belonging appears, an idea that motivates people to volunteer, to do everything in their power, to give their last, to sacrifice themselves

And do you know what is particularly scary? The fact that the government not only does not contribute to solving this problem, but on the contrary, acts with it in mind, encourages a similar type of thinking, gives the masses what they want.

And the masses do not need the truth, they are not interested in the real situation or facts, because it is pain, horror, death, destruction, and the realization that this will last. It's unpopular, it's scary, it breaks into their narrow little window and breaks it into small pieces.

Hence the popularity of easy solutions, 2-3 weeks, a vacation in the Crimea next summer, that it will be over in a little while... Very convenient thoughts, aren't they? It's very convenient when everything has already been thought of for you and you don't have to strain?

And these thoughts come in.
And it's scary.
Very scary.

Lately, I have been living in permanent shock and realizing that my idea of society is not in line with reality. Most often, my arguments for such people are like shouting into the void, they are shattered by immaturity of personality, selfishness and aggressive defensive reaction. And sometimes it's also about this fucking "little man" type who "can't change anything". It all goes through me, leaving a bitter emptiness behind.

Sometimes my psyche is saved only by the fact that there is a world of people who have gotten out of this quagmire and understand... They understand that it is not enough to build peace and happiness exclusively in one particular family.

Especially if it is paid for with the blood of others. That we need to develop, think and act. And finally stop shifting responsibility onto the shoulders of those around you.

Development is not only a professional activity. A prestigious job says nothing about a person's moral qualities. Development is also a civic position, an awareness of being part of something bigger and more important.

I am grateful to those who understand, you are real, you give me strength, hope and faith. You are the foundation, the basis on which a healthy society will grow one day.

(c) Bessinka (from Telegram).

------------------------------

And here's what a pro-Russian Ukrainian wrote (January 2022)

A short post about an outsider's view of Ukraine's patriots and traitors.

When the famous events in Ukraine happened in 2014 #Maidan, I was living in the very West of Europe at the time. Seeing what was happening, I had the most contradictory thoughts about what to do, what to do? First of all, it was necessary to understand what exactly is going on? What do people think about it? If they say on TV that everyone is rooting for Europe, but in fact people are rooting for Russia, it is understandable that people are in trouble and it is possible to do something to help. And if everyone is arguing for Europe, well, then I'm an old "vatnik" and I should understand their arguments and "it's time for the dustbin of history"....

March 2014. I took a vacation at work, jumped in the car and drove to Ukraine. I set myself a simple and straightforward task: to drive around the country for a few days and ask a variety of people, in different regions, about what and who they were for - Europe or Russia - and why.

I was not sure that people would talk to me or that they would answer honestly. But it was worth a try.

As a result, I traveled around more than half of Ukraine - its western, central and southern parts. I didn't go to the east - it's clear there. Everywhere I went, I tried to ask everyone - waiters and waitresses, cab drivers, mechanics at service stations, sales clerks - everyone I could ask and when a person had the opportunity to answer me without witnesses.

All in all, I got the following top of the hit parade:

To Europe:

- My children will be able to leave here safely and live and study in Europe.
(OK, i.e. he/she is not interested in the country itself and the goal to turn the country around is to get out of it).

- I can bring myself a nice car from Germany without high duty.
(OK, so he is not interested in the country itself and the idea of turning the country around is to change the car for a better one)

- I can go to work in Europe. Completely different salary, different living conditions.
(I.e. the country itself is not interested in principle. Again, the idea is to leave).

Guys! NO ONE. Absolutely NONE of those who were rooting for Europe did not tell me a single argument in favor of the fact that the choice of the country will make the country itself better! NONE!

And at the same time, those who were in favor of union with Russia (Customs Union, at that time):

- We have all major factories tied to Russia.

- Our entire economy is closely tied to the Russian economy and a rupture would destroy our economy

- We sell most of our products to Russia. Who needs our products in Europe? (these were guys from a village in the Zaporozhye region).

NONE of those who spoke in favor of Russia did not express a single argument for themselves and spoke only about the benefits of their country. I want to note that I did not hear arguments like "I want to speak Russian" - for some reason, the arguments were in favor of the national economy.

And the former, for 8 years now, have been considered Patriots who shout that they love their country.

The latter are traitors and traitors to the Motherland.

So what does all this mean? What's new? It's nothing. Just a statement of fact. And factual proof - who is who.

As it was in the famous play "Wolves and Sheep": "Who are the sheep and who are the wolves - that is the question".

P.S. Now, when European wages bypassed Ukraine, and half of the able-bodied population went to the West for work, and half of the country became single-parent families with undivorced but separated parents, and the country learned the other side of gastarbeiterism - the pseudo-patriots have a new iron reason why to drown for the West - "We have no other choice! Otherwise, Putin will attack us!". This I have already learned from my recent trip to Ukraine.....

The well-known paradox of Denning-Krugger: The dumber a person is, the more categorical he is in his beliefs and statements....

------------------------------

My explanation: Only the Sovok (Soviet Union) has nothing to do with it, it's the mentality of western Ukrainians., there is an old Soviet-ukrainian definition of such people: "I don't know anything, my house is on the edge". This applies to the majority of Ukrainians both then and now, which is why two Maidans (2004, 2014 government coups) were able to take place here in Ukraine and all this led to war.

#^https://hub.hubzilla.de/channel/kuchinster?mid=b64.aHR0cHM6Ly9odWIuaHViemlsbGEuZGUvaXRlbS9lYWQwNTZlMy0zZThkLTRiMGQtOTdjNC0xYjNkMTM5ZmE0OGQ
#motherland #culture #ukraine #ukrainian #mentality #history #poverty in #consciousness

Because of his willingness to play for segregated audiences, throughout much of his life, Louis Armstrong was called a sellout and an Uncle Tom by many Black Americans, But, in 1957, Satchmo blew up-—blasting Eisenhower to bits for not condemning treatment of Black American students in the South. His passionate words made world headlines, alienated many white fans, and divided Black America.

1/

@blackmastodon@a.gup.pe @BlackMastodon@chirp.social #BlackMastodon #Histodons #History #StillWeRise #BlackHistory
#Music

Physicist Lise Meitner’s brilliance led to the discovery of nuclear fission. But her long time collaborator Otto Hahn, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry without her in 1944, even though she had given the first theoretical explanation.

Albert Einstein called Meitner “our Marie Curie." She also adamantly refused to work on the atomic bomb during WWII. https://whyy.org/articles/lise-meitner-the-forgotten-woman-of-nuclear-physics-who-deserved-a-nobel-prize/ #science #history

Topic 12: The Rákóczi Revolution

My random topic was an important moment in Hungarian history, the Rákóczi revolution of 1703-1711.
I ended up reading a book by Magyar Zoltán (titled Rákóczi) that explored the mark the (unsuccessful) revolution left on Hungarian folklore and local legends. Despite it being relatively recent, it has seeped deep into Hungarian tradition, and gathered a lot of archaic, mythical tropes and motifs.

#Hungary #folklore #folktales #history

Topic 10: Hoaxes and secrets

Book:
Mysteries of the Snake Goddess: Art, Desire, And The Forging Of History, by Kenneth Lapatin

This book delves into the questionable origins of the Boston Snake Goddess figurine. To provide background, it also deals with the long history of Minoan forgeries, and Sir Arthur Evans' track record of creating Minoan history and art from excavated artifacts. Good context for Bronze Age Crete and our view of what it was like.

#archaeology #history #histodons #Minoan

Topic 6: Dictatorships

Book:
Secondhand time: the last of the Soviets, by Svetlana Alexievich

This book was one of the (emotionally) hardest reads I ever had. But it was so worth it. It is a compilation of interviews and personal monologues from hundreds of people, centered on the fall of the Soviet Union. People who were happy, people who were devastated, people who were guilty, and innocent. Nobel Prize well deserved.

#history #histodons #NobelPrize

Topic 4: Saints

Book:
Furta Sacra: Thefts of Relics in the Central Middle Ages, by Patrick J. Geary

This was a hilarious yet well researched book on the business of stealing relics and justifying the theft with outrageous legends in the Middle Ages. From saints that *wanted* to be stolen all the way to saints who miraculously had two identical corpses so that both rival churches could have one...

#history #religion #saints #medieval #histodons

...
It is unlikely that it will be possible to explore even the nearest exoplanets with the help of automatic spacecraft in the current century. It is quite possible, however, that the answer will be found very close, on our closest neighbor in the solar system - on Venus. The surface temperature of the planet (735 K, or 462°C) and the enormous pressure (87–90 atm) of its gas envelope with a density of 65 kg/m3, consisting mainly of carbon dioxide (96.5%), nitrogen (3.5%), and traces of oxygen (less than 2·10–5%), are close to the physical conditions on many exoplanets of a special class.



Recently, television images (panoramas) of the surface of Venus, obtained thirty years ago or more, have been re-examined and processed. They found several objects ranging in size from a decimeter to half a meter, which changed shape, position in the frame, appeared in some images and disappeared in others. And on a number of panoramas, precipitation was clearly observed, which fell and melted on the surface of the planet.
...

#science #cosmos #space #venus #life #history #USSR

How it was possible to blow up the reactor

Anatoly Vasserman, thermal physicist engineer, power engineer (in reserve) of a nuclear submarine

All of the following is taken (and compared) from many different sources. Among them are numerous publications related to the 1986.04.26 disaster, scientific and popular scientific works on nuclear physics and nuclear power engineering, educational materials, my own attempts of analysis, conversations with people much more competent than myself. I could hardly list all these sources, for which I apologize to their authors. Almost inevitable violations of someone's copyright are completely unintentional.

I am also obliged to assure you that none of what follows is secret, not only in fact but also formally.

...

Go slow.

Exactly at the beginning. Shutting down thermal power equipment is a very slow process. Rapid cooling is difficult to make uniform. And in case of uneven temperature redistribution, thermal deformations can shatter even the most massive structure. That is why, for example, to temporarily reduce the power of a ship turbine unit, steam is sent through a bypass pipeline, past the turbine: it is much faster and safer than switching off the boiler heating.

By the way, heat and power plants are started even slower than they are stopped. And there are special reasons for the slow start-up of nuclear reactors, which are worth talking about later.

So, in the evening, when the load on the power system is reduced, the fourth reactor started to be shut down. They lowered the neutron-absorbing rods a little deeper, and the chain reaction went down.

They waited for the reaction level to stabilize, lowered the rods again - the reaction weakened again... Many dozens of such steps to shutdown should be passed before the reactor is not shattered.

To the rescue

When the power of the reactor had already decreased by almost a third, the Chernobyl NPP received a command from the KievEnergo dispatcher.

The shutdown of units in the power system is as routine as possible. By the time of reactor shutdown at one of KievEnergo's thermal power plants, the boiler and turbine generator were to be started after repair. The starting unit would have taken on the load leaving the broad Chernobyl shoulders.

But repair, unlike manufacturing, is a piece thing. It is not always possible to predict its course. The repairmen were delayed for several hours.

And the dispatcher of Kievenergo asked to bring the reactor back to normal power, so that in these few hours to avoid failure, fraught with increased withdrawal of energy from the all-union system. And in an unfavorable scenario, something would have to be shut down.

Power engineers are disciplined. Working in a unified system, you realize that any mistake you make will affect many thousands of colleagues. So the dispatcher's request was accepted for immediate fulfillment.

The absorbing rods went up. And the acceleration began as smoothly as the previous braking.

The same stairs, but with a clunker.

A few hours later, the thermal power plant started working. KievEnergo reported that the reactor could definitely be shut down.

But the time planned for the experiment was gone. And in the morning, repairs began. The station management decided to accelerate cooling of the reactor to the planned level. After all, the normal rate was set by a considerable margin. The allowable cooling rate had been exceeded more than once before, and everyone knew very well how far it was possible to go without damaging the reactor. Power began to be reduced not in the normal mode, but a little faster - at the very speed, the safety of which had already been verified.

The operators turned off the emergency automation immediately. What if cooling would go even faster and steam supply to the turbine would have to be stopped ahead of schedule?

And so it turned out to be. The power level at which it was planned to stabilize in order to establish a uniform mode in the reactor was rushed through. We wanted to work according to the original plan. Otherwise, we'll still have to recalculate the results - again with an error.

Well, we can warm up again. The control rods went up again. But the reactor power remained reduced.

The station was staffed by experienced power engineers. But the peculiarities of the behavior of nuclear reactors were apparently unfamiliar to many of them. Judging by the fact that the reactor's reluctance to restart surprised many of them. So much so that they simply forgot to turn on the automatic control systems.

Or maybe they deliberately didn't want to. Automatics would not allow them to do something forbidden - extracting the reactor from the iodine pit.

Thermal engineering processes - boiling water, turbine rotation, steam condensation - are not very simple, but they have been studied for centuries. So their smallest details are familiar, if not to every passerby, then at least to every engineer at the power plant. But the chain of events heating fuel elements in a nuclear reactor is much less familiar. Therefore, I will start from the basics - those who know the process as well as I do can safely skip the next few sections (at least up to the section "Someone Loses").

...


#USSR #soviet #russian #history #ukraine #chernobyl #СССР #история

#europe #germany #history #map

source: https://aftershock.news/?q=node%2F1011896
#USSR #soviet #russian #jews #ukrainians #ukraine #history #map #population #СССР #история

Human experimentation continued throughout the Cold War. There is evidence of several large-scale projects across the country that also failed to inform patients of the health hazards of these experiments. At the Fernald School in Massachusetts, a school for disabled and special needs children, students were exposed to radioactive iron and calcium in the late 1940s and 1950s in a federally sponsored study. Their parents were not informed of the full nature of these experiments.

A Spoonful of Sugar Helps the Radioactive Oatmeal Go Down

When Fred Boyce and dozens of other boys joined the Science Club at Fernald State School in 1949, it was more about the perks than the science. Club members scored tickets to Boston Red Sox games, trips off the school grounds, gifts like Mickey Mouse watches and lots of free breakfasts. But Fernald wasn’t an ordinary school, and the free breakfasts from the Science Club weren’t your average bowl of cereal: the boys were being fed Quaker oatmeal laced with radioactive tracers.

#USA #us #radiation #experiments #children #history #cold-war #coldwar #manhattanProject #capitalism #imperialism

Why did Moses lead the Jews through the desert for 40 years?
In two generations there were people who did not distinguish between good and evil - an army of biorobots to buy up the world.

In the Book of Numbers(1) in chapter 14, where it talks about the suppression of the rebellion by the "golden calf", it tells the story thereafter. And it says that the adults who came out of Egypt will not enter the Promised Land.

But only children under 7 years old and those who will be born in the wilderness will enter the Promised Land.

And then it goes on to explain - "those who do not discern between good and evil.

These words about those who do not distinguish between good and evil are absent from the canon.

They are restored in the text published by the Moscow Patriarchate. They are restored in the Septu aginta.

But let's see. 40 years is a period of time. During this period two active generations enter into life.

Well, and if, as we are taught this term was necessary to eradicate the spirit of slavery from new generations, then logically the "good pedagogical experience" should be thoroughly outlined in the book so that the spirit of slavery in the future is not reproduced, and guaranteed to be eradicated.

But the spirit of slavery and the question of those "who do not discern between good and evil" entering the promised land are close questions.

Why?

Because if we isolate a certain large group of people in the desert from society, freeing them from the need to labor creatively, and engage in their ideological processing, we can form in them ideas of good and evil, which will be radically different from those that are naturally formed and maintained in all cultures that lead a natural way of life. That is, they work hard, bring up their children themselves, bring up their children in labor.

And in general it seems that the need to remove the words, restored by Septu aginta, this need was caused by the fact that the project's leaders hid the fact of the first in the history of the present civilization experience of mass zombification of the population with the subsequent fixation of the result on the basis of the genetic mechanism.

Addendum:
I would like to point out that there should be no generalizations here. Not all Jews are greedy for money; there are many decent people among them who will not betray themselves for money. There are also corrupt people among other nationalities (denominations) who pray to the golden calf.
#history #culture #goldenCalf #jews #jewishhistory #mindmanipulation #bible #money #corruption

Last month (october 2019), on the 80th anniversary of the start of World War II, the European Parliament voted on a resolution entitled “On the Importance of European Remembrance for the Future of Europe.” The adopted document:

“…Stresses that the Second World War, the most devastating war in Europe’s history, was started as an immediate result of the notorious Nazi-Soviet Treaty on Non-Aggression of 23 August 1939, also known as the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, and its secret protocols, whereby two totalitarian regimes that shared the goal of world conquest divided Europe into two zones of influence; Recalls that the Nazi and communist regimes carried out mass murders, genocide and deportations and caused a loss of life and freedom in the 20th century on a scale unseen in human history, and recalls the horrific crime of the Holocaust perpetrated by the Nazi regime; condemns in the strongest terms the acts of aggression, crimes against humanity and mass human rights violations perpetrated by the Nazi, communist and other totalitarian regimes.”

For 75 years, we have been told that the war started on September 1st, 1939 when Germany invaded Poland, even though the Pacific Theater between Japan and China began two years earlier. Now we are to understand that it actually began eight days prior when the German foreign minister visited Moscow. Take no notice of the inherent doublespeak in the premise that a war could be the consequence of a peace agreement, which without any evidence provided is said to have contained “secret protocols”, not provisions. You see, unlike the other pacts signed between European countries and Nazi Germany — such as the Munich Betrayal of 1938 with France and Great Britain to which the Soviets were uninvited while Austria and Czechoslovakia were gifted to Hitler for the courtesy of attacking Moscow — Molotov-Ribbentrop was really a confidential agreement between Hitler and Stalin to conquer Europe and divide it between them.

This is pure mythology. The fact of the matter is that neither the Soviets or even Germany drew the dividing line in Poland in 1939, because it was a reinstatement of the border acknowledged by the League of Nations and Poland itself as put forward by the British following WWI. Even Winston Churchill during his first wartime radio broadcast http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/policy/1939/1939-10-01a.html later that year admitted:

“Russia has pursued a cold policy of self-interest. We could have wished that the Russian Armies should be standing on their present line as the friends and allies of Poland, instead of as invaders. But that the Russian Armies should stand on this line was clearly necessary for the safety of Russia against the Nazi menace.”

Yet according to the EU, even though Moscow was the last country to agree to a peace deal with Hitler, it was all part of a hidden plot between them. In that case, why then did Germany choose to invade the USSR in 1941? The EU leaves this question unanswered. Forget about its racial policies of enslaving slavs or that Hitler openly declared in Mein Kampf that Germany needed to conquer the East to secure the Lebensraum . Nevermind that in the Spring of 1941, less than two months before Operation Barbarossa, Stalin gave a speech to the Kremlin at a state banquet for recent graduates of the Frunze Military Academy to give warning of an imminent attack:

“War with Germany is inevitable. If comrade Molotov can manage to postpone the war for two or three months through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, that will be our good fortune, but you yourselves must go off and take measures to raise the combat readiness of our forces.”

The EU has redacted that the entire reason for the signing of the Nazi-Soviet pact in August 1939 had been to buy time for the Red Army’s attrition warfare strategy to adequately prepare its armaments against a future invasion by the Wehrmacht. The Soviet leadership well understood that Germany would eventually renege on the agreement, considering that in 1936 it had signed the Anti-Comintern Pact with Japan and Italy directed at the Communist International. For six years, the USSR was thwarted in its attempts to forge an equivalent anti-fascist coalition and to collectively defend Czechoslovakia by the British and the French, whose ruling classes were too busy courting and doing business with Germany. It had been the Soviets alone who defended the Spanish Republic from Franco in the final rehearsal before the worldwide conflict and only when all other recourses had run out did they finally agree to a deal with the Hitlerites.

Just a week prior to the signing of the neutrality treaty, Stalin gave a secret speech to the Politburo where he explained:

“The question of war or peace has entered a critical phase for us. If we conclude a mutual assistance treaty with France and Great Britain, Germany will back off of Poland and seek a modus vivendi with the Western Powers. War would thus be prevented but future events could take a serious turn for the USSR. If we accept Germany’s proposal to conclude with it a non-aggression pact, Germany will then attack Poland and Europe will be thrown into serious acts of unrest and disorder. Under these circumstances we will have many chances of remaining out of the conflict while being able to hope for our own timely entrance into war.”

This latest resolution is part of a long pattern of misrepresentation of WWII by the Anglo-Saxon empire, but is perhaps its most egregious falsification that truly desecrates the graves of the 27 million Soviet citizens who were 80% of the total Allied death toll. Earlier this year, for the commemoration on the 75th anniversary of the Normandy landings, Russia and its head of state were excluded from the events in Portsmouth, England. As if the ongoing absence of Western European leaders from the May 9th Victory Day ceremonies held annually in Russia weren’t insulting enough, while it’s true that the Eastern Front was not involved in Operation Overlord, Russian President Vladimir Putin had previously been in attendance at the 70th anniversary D-Day events in 2014. No doubt the increase in geopolitical tensions between the West and Moscow in the years since has given the EU license to write out Russia’s role in the Allied victory entirely with little public disapproval, though many of the families of those who volunteered in the International Brigades were rightly insulted by this tampering of history and voiced their objection.

The EU motion‘s real purpose is to fabricate the war’s history by giving credit to the United States for the liberation of Europe while absolving the Western democracies that opened the door for the rise of fascism and tried to use Germany to annihilate the USSR. History itself should always be open to debate and subject to study and revision, but the Atlanticists have made this formal change without any evidence to support it and entirely for political purposes. Like the founding of the EU project itself, the declared aim of the proposal is supposedly to prevent future atrocities from taking place, even though the superstate was designed by former Nazis like Walter Hallstein, the first President of the European Commission, who was a German lawyer in several Nazi Party law organizations and fought for the Wehrmacht in France until his capture as a POW after the invasion of Normandy.

Rather than preventing future crimes, the EU has committed one itself by deceptively modifying the historical record of communism to be parallel with that of the Third Reich. Even further, that they were two sides of the same coin of ‘totalitarianism’ and that for all the barbarity committed during the war, the Soviets were equally culpable — or judging by the amount of times the text cites the USSR versus Germany, even more so. It remains unclear whether we are now to completely disregard the previous conclusions reached by the military tribunals held by the Allies under international law at Nuremberg of which all 12 war criminals sentenced to death in 1946 were German, not Soviet. The document doesn’t even attempt to hide its politicized direction at the current government in Moscow, stating that:

“Russia remains the greatest victim of communist totalitarianism and that its development into a democratic state will be impeded as long as the government, the political elite and political propaganda continue to whitewash communist crimes and glorify the Soviet totalitarian regime.”

This accusation does not stand up to critical observation, as Russia has since erected official memorials to those executed and politically persecuted during the so-called ‘Great Terror.’ However, the stark difference between the EU resolution and the Wall of Grief in Moscow is that the latter is based on evidence from the Soviet archives. It has become a widespread and ridiculous belief in the West that Stalin somehow killed as much as five times as many people as Hitler, an absurdity not reflected in the now disclosed and once highly secretive Soviet archives, which after two decades of examination show that over a period of three decades from the early 1920s to his death in 1953, the total recorded number of Soviet citizens executed by the state was slightly less than 800,000. While that is certainly a horrid number, how does it even begin to compare to an industrial scale extermination based on the race theory?

How can anyone believe Stalin killed tens of millions of people when even the most simple analysis of a population demographics chart shows that the Soviet population rate consistently increased each decade with the only reduction taking place during WWII as a result of their casualties? Socialists, who perhaps more than any other political tendency seem to suffer from autophobia, should defend their own history from such falsification. It is only when flaws occur under communist states that the entire political and economic system is to be denounced outright, but never capitalism which for five centuries has colonized half the world while enslaving and killing entire nations.

Most of the wildly exaggerated death figures stem from falsities written in The Black Book of Communism by a group of right-wing French academics in 1997 ,who did not conceal their apologism hfor the Nazi collaborationist self-proclaimed Russian Liberation Army (ROA) commanded by Gen. Andrey Vlasov who defected to Germany during the war:

“A singular fate was reserved for the Vlasovtsy, the Soviet soldiers who had fought under the Soviet general Andrei Vlasov. Vlasov was the commander of the Second Army who had been taken prisoner by the Germans in July 1942. On the basis of his anti-Stalinist convictions, General Vlasov agreed to collaborate with the Nazis to free his country from the tyranny of the Bolsheviks.”

The other highly cited work by the West for its overestimated portrayal of Soviet repression is the equally unreliable The Gulag Archipelago volumes by Alexander Solzhenitsyn, who as historian Ludo Martens noted also attempted to provide justification for Vlasov’s treason in his best-selling 1973 work:

“And so it was that Vlasov’s Second Shock Army perished, literally recapitulating the fate of Samsonov’s Russian Second Army in World War I, having been just as insanely thrown into encirclement. Now this, of course, was treason to the Motherland! This, of course, was vicious, self-obsessed betrayal! But it was Stalin’s. Treason does not necessarily involve selling out for money. It can include ignorance and carelessness in the preparations for war, confusion and cowardice at its very start, the meaningless sacrifice of armies and corps solely for the sake of saving one’s own marshal’s uniform. Indeed, what more bitter treason is there on the part of a Supreme Commander in Chief?”

The truth is located in the Soviet archives which indicate that Stalin’s successor, the Ukrainian-born Nikita Khrushchev, was as intent on absolving the entirety of the Soviet leadership as himself from any culpability in the purges of the 1930s so that blame for its excesses were placed squarely on his predecessor. In succession, Western historians like the British Foreign Office propagandist Robert Conquest followed his example and this account quickly became official doctrine. In hindsight, Khrushchev’s infamous 1956 secret speech, “On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences”, was what planted the seeds of self-doubt in the Soviet system that would eventually lead to its undoing decades later. To the contrary, what the historical records show is most of those who were purged in that period were not necessarily perceived as political threats to Stalin himself, but were targeted because of an overall systemic paranoia held by the entire Soviet government regarding internal sabotage and counter-revolutionary activity by a real fifth column getting inspiration from a certain traitorous former Bolshevik in exile and a potential invasion originating from outside the country.

Many forget that during the Russian Civil War, exactly such a scenario had occurred when the Allies of World War I, including the United States, collectively intervened on the side of the Whites only to be driven out by the Red Army, making such fearful instincts not entirely unreasonable. Not to mention, the rapid industrialization of the entire nation in a single decade while in preparation for the growing threat of war with Germany. When Hitler began his Masterplan for the East, their worst fears came to fruition when tens of thousands of Banderite turncoats enlisted in the 14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician) in Ukraine to collaborate with the German occupiers in the slaughter of their fellow countrymen and after the war ended, continued their treasonous struggle during the 1950s with assistance from the CIA. So the saying goes, just because you’re paranoid doesn’t mean they aren’t out to get you…

As for the accusation of “whitewashing”, it is true that recent polls indicate that 70% of Russians today hold a favorable view of Stalin — but just as many are nostalgic for communism itself and regret the breakup of the USSR on the basis that the socialist system ‘took care of ordinary people.’ Putin did once remark that despite Stalin’s legacy of repression, he doubted that the native Georgian statesman would have been willing to drop two atomic bombs on Japan like the United States, an atrocity that killed 225,000 innocent civilians (most of them instantly) which is more than a quarter of those capitally punished during the entire Stalin era. Was he wrong to say so? A significant amount of deaths also occurred in the Soviet-wide famines of the 1930s, but there is significantly more evidence to suggest that the British deliberately starved 3 million Bengalis to death then there is to support the Holodomor fraud concocted by the Ukrainian nationalist diaspora. If the West wants to talk about deliberate starvation, it should take a look at what the U.S. did with its economic sanctions in the 1990s killing half a million Iraqi children which former U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright famously described as “worth it.”

This isn’t the first time the Anglosphere has historically omitted the Soviet role in the Allied victory or conflated the USSR with the Third Reich. On previous occasions the European Parliament has issued resolutions declaring August 23rd “a European day of remembrance of the victims of the Nazi-Soviet alliance.” This is all an attempt by the Atlanticists to depict communism as somehow worse than fascism while disconnecting the Nazis from the lineage of European settler colonialism whose racism was its source of inspiration. Why is that which befell the Jews not considered an extension of what was already done to the Herero-Nama tribes for which Namibia is now suing Germany a century later?

The neoliberal political establishment in Europe and its anti-EU populist opponents are fond of appearing dead-set against one another, but it seems they share the same fairytale beliefs about WWII that the Nazis and Soviets were equivalent evils as inscribed in this latest decree. It has always been ironic that the liberal billionaire “philanthropist” and currency manipulator George Soros is so derided by right-wing populists when it was his Open Society Institute NGOs which engineered the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe. Soros may be averse to the anti-immigrant brand of right-wing nationalism currently on the rise in Western Europe, but as a fanatical Russophobe he is willing to make strange bedfellows with ultra-nationalists in Kiev to undermine Moscow’s sphere of influence and that includes revising WWII history to a version favored by the Banderites which took power during the pro-EU 2014 coup d’etat in Ukraine.

The Nazi junta regime in Kiev has since instituted Russophobic ‘de-communization’ laws erasing the remaining traces of Ukraine’s Soviet past while replacing them with memorials to their wartime foes. A recent example was the city of Vinnitsa renaming a street that paid tribute to the Soviet spy and war hero Richard Sorge to that after Omelyan Hrabetsk, a commander of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army which cooperated with Germany during the war and killed thousands of Poles and Jews. Sorge posed as a German journalist in Tokyo and famously provided timely intelligence to Moscow that Japan did not plan to attack the USSR, allowing Stalin to transfer essential reinforcements to the Battle of Moscow which proved to be a major turning point in the war. He was executed by the Japanese in 1944 and posthumously awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union.

Now the EU is ‘decommunizing’ history in its own legislation. Meanwhile, Soros’s influence over the EU cannot be overstated as his lobbying power has enabled him to provide direct council to its executive branch more than any official head of state in the political and economic union. The hedge fund tycoon made a fortune as an investor during Russia’s mass privatization in the 1990s after enlisting Jeffrey Sachs and the IMF to apply ‘shock therapy’ to its economy as it did in Poland and his native Hungary. Under Putin, however, Soros’s NGOs have since been barred from Russia. Perhaps the reason he can so cynically provide support to fascist elements in Ukraine to undercut Moscow is that he did so personally in his upbringing in Hungary.

Born Gyorgy Schwartz, during WWII he was a teenager from an affluent Jewish family which survived the Axis occupation by using their wealth to bribe a government official from the collaborationist Arrow Cross government who provided the Soros’s forged documents identifying them as Christians, while the adolescent by his own admission delivered deportation notices to other Jews. A short time later, the young Soros impersonated the adopted gentile son of an official who inventoried the stolen valuables and property from Jewish estates and even accompanied him during his work. One would assume as a Jew he would have been haunted by these experiences, but Soros has repeatedly stated he has no regrets and even disturbingly compared it to his future work as an investor.


[video]SHOCKING: George Soros, a chief financial supporter of Antifa, was himself a Nazi collaborator and to this day has no regrets

Like Soros, the EU has no ideology except an unquenchable thirst for greed and is fond of Nazis when they are the kind that hate Russia. For its own political interests, it is willing to dangerously foster a version of history invented by a rebranded far right where the quislings who collaborated with the Axis powers elude guilt and the Soviets who courageously defeated them are maliciously slandered. Fascism was never fully eradicated only because the West continued to nurture it during the Cold War and even now that capitalism has been reinstated in Eurasia, it continues to do so to undermine a resurgent Moscow on the world stage.

As the world appears increasingly on the brink of WWIII, one is reminded of the expression by Karl Marx who famously stated that “history repeats itself…first as tragedy, then as farce” in The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon, when comparing Napoleon Bonaparte’s seizure of power in the French Revolution with the coup by his nephew half a century later which brought an end to the French Revolution. Equally fitting is the humorous line by the legendary writer and noted anti-imperialist Mark Twain who reputedly said, “history doesn’t repeat itself, but it does rhyme.” Both are applicable to the unquestionable tragedy of WWII and the farcical mockery of its history by the EU whose policies continue to make another global conflict that much more likely.

Max Parry is an independent journalist and geopolitical analyst. His work has appeared in Counterpunch, Global Research, Dissident Voice, Greanville Post, OffGuardian, American Herald Tribune and more. Max may be reached atmaxrparry@live.com


#nato #fascism #western #media #lie about #history #WWII #WW2 #russian #soviet #USSR #poland #germany #europe #eu #ukraine #blameRussia #Russia #Stalin

Long live the Workers and Peasants Red Army! 1935
#red-army #uUSSR #soviet #poster #russian #history #Stalin #СССР #история